This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…
Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…
This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…
The after action report provides an overview of the 2024 edition of the Cyber Europe exercise which was conducted in June and aimed at identifying gaps and increasing cybersecurity preparedeness and resilience.
European Cybersecurity Month (ECSM) 2023 took a different approach than in 2022. ENISA decided to take cybersecurity awareness to a different level, transforming the original ECSM campaign, which used to take place only during October, into a…
This ENISA study aims to develop a maturity assessment model to evaluate each MS's cybersecurity education level in primary and secondary schools and to provide a comprehensive overview of the EU. Additionally, ENISA seeks to collect and share…
This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…
