Publications

Featured publications

2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

Download

This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

Download

Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

Download

This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

All publications

By topics

By type

Publish Date

Improving Cooperation between CSIRTs and Law Enforcement: Legal and Organisational Aspects

This report aims to support the cooperation between CSIRTs - in particular national/governmental CSIRTs - and LEAs in their fight against cybercrime, by providing information on the legal and organisational aspects, identifying current shortcomings…
National / EU authorities

Baseline Security Recommendations for IoT

The study which is titled ‘Baseline Security Recommendations for Internet of Things in the context of critical information infrastructures’, aims to set the scene for IoT security in Europe. It serves as a reference point in this field and as a…
Private Sector

Security aspects of virtualization

This report provides an analysis of the status of virtualization security. ENISA presents current efforts, emerging best practices and known security gaps, discussing the impact the latter have on environments based on virtualization technologies.…
Private Sector

A good practice guide of using taxonomies in incident prevention and detection

The aim of this document is to provide good practices on using taxonomies for incident detection and prevention by taking into account the input received from the CSIRT community and relevant information from previous ENISA studies. In addition, it…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Cyber Security and Resilience of smart cars

The objective of this study is to identify good practices that ensure the security of smart cars against cyber threats, with the particularity that smart cars’ security shall also guarantee safety. The study lists the sensitive assets present in…
Private Sector

Strategies for incident response and cyber crisis cooperation

This document was prepared for the NIS Platform WG2 members introducing the main functions of CSIRTs from incident handling to crisis coordination – a high-level summary of the basics of incident response based on ENISA’s previous work on CSIRTs and…
National / EU authorities

Common practices of EU-level crisis management and applicability to the cyber crises

Despite a number of initiatives within the European Network and Information Security community to establish frameworks and standard operating procedures, the EU-level response to cyber incidents, and in particular these which lead to crisis…
National / EU authorities

NIS Directive and national CSIRTs

This is an informative note on what provisions of the upcoming NIS Directive might mean for CSIRTs. It contains references to parts of the Directive, and some comments and proposals from our side. By no means we consider this document fix or final,…
National / EU authorities