Publications

Featured publications

2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Public Consultation on Specifications for EUICC Certification under the EUCC scheme

ENISA has published specifications for the evaluation and certification of embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Cards (eUICCs) under the European Common Criteria-based cybersecurity certification scheme (EUCC). Recognising the potential role of…

Remote ID Proofing - Good practices

Through this report, ENISA aims to enhance stakeholder awareness, facilitate risk analysis in evolving threat landscapes, and bolster trustworthiness in remote identity proofing methods.

Market of Cybersecurity Assessments

This Report aims at presenting the current state of play of cybersecurity assessments of ICT products and cloud services. In order to study the dynamic of the related market, the report focuses on the evolution of the number of assessed ICT…

Engineering Personal Data Protection in EU Data Spaces

Common European data spaces (EU data spaces) are a novel concept introduced in the European strategy for data and elaborated further within the Data Governance Act (DGA). This report attempts to contextualise the main design principles regarding…

Digital Identity Standards

This report gives an overview of the most important standards and standardisation organisations in this area. This information is useful for the novice, to find out what is available, but also for more experienced readers who might not be aware of…

Trust Services-Secure move to the cloud of the eIDAS ecosystem

This report includes a detailed analysis on the different technical requirements that must be addressed considering the relevant standards. It also gives an overview of practical experiences on the move of trust services to the cloud, based on the…

DNS Identity

This report provides a view of authentication and verification of domain name owners in the context of domain name registration. It identifies the security challenges, good practices, security controls and associated risks in the domain name…

Engineering Personal Data Sharing

This report attempts to look closer at specific use cases relating to personal data sharing, primarily in the health sector, and discusses how specific technologies and considerations of implementation can support the meeting of specific data…

Post-Quantum Cryptography - Integration study

With this report ENISA seeks to give insight on post-standardisation challenges. As a follow-up to ENISA’s 2021 Post-Quantum Cryptography: Current state and quantum mitigation study, the new report explores the necessity to design new cryptographic…

Deploying Pseudonymisation Techniques

Pseudonymisation is increasingly becoming a key security technique for providing a means that can facilitate personal data processing, while offering strong safeguards for the protection of personal data and thereby safeguarding the rights and…