Publications

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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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ECSC 2020 Analysis Report

This report analyses the efforts provided by ENISA and national partners during the 2020 to support the growing of the European Cyber Security Challenge. The 7th Edition of the European Cyber Security Challenge, ECSC2020 planned initially for the…
National / EU authorities

Towards a Common ECSC roadmap

This report aimed to identify the key factors enabling the success of a national cybersecurity competition and to give a snapshot of the current situation in the EU and ECSC partner countries. To do that, we conducted a dozen of interviews with…
National / EU authorities

How to set up CSIRT and SOC

This publication provides results-driven guidance for those who are interested in establishing a computer security incident response team (CSIRT) or security operations centre (SOC), and guidance on possible improvements for different types of…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Proactive detection - Good practices gap analysis recommendations

The current project aims to provide a complete inventory of all available methods, tools, activities and information sources for proactive detection of network security incidents, which are used already or potentially could be used by incident…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Proactive detection – Measures and information sources

The current project aims to provide a complete inventory of all available methods, tools, activities and information sources for proactive detection of network security incidents, which are used already or potentially could be used by incident…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Proactive detection – Survey results

The current project aims to provide a complete inventory of all available methods, tools, activities and information sources for proactive detection of network security incidents, which are used already or potentially could be used by incident…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Cybersecurity Skills Development in the EU

This report focuses on the status of the cybersecurity education system and the inability to attract more students in studying cybersecurity and to produce graduates with “the right cybersecurity knowledge and skills”. It argues that many of the…
National / EU authorities

ECSC 2019 Analysis Report

This report contains the following key observations were made by independent third-party observers on the ECSC 2019 organisation. These observations have been produced based on the feedback collected from participants, members of the ECSC Jury,…
National / EU authorities

Secure Group Communications for incident response and operational communities

With a number of cybersecurity incidents and an attack surface that increase every day, spanning from large infrastructures to the end users, there is the need to improve operational cooperation, preparedness and information exchange by promoting…
National / EU authorities

ENISA CSIRT maturity assessment model

This is the updated version of the "Challenges for National CSIRTs in Europe in 2016: Study on CSIRT Maturity" published by ENISA in 2017. The study takes all relevant information sources into account, with a special emphasis on the NIS Directive,…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector