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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Securing Machine Learning Algorithms

Based on a systematic review of relevant literature on machine learning, in this report we provide a taxonomy for machine learning algorithms, highlighting core functionalities and critical stages. The report also presents a detailed analysis of…
Private Sector

Raising Awareness of Cybersecurity

This report seeks to assist EU Member States in further building their cybersecurity capacities by analysing best practices on raising citizens’ awareness of cybersecurity. We have collected information and evaluated the intensity, regularity and…
Private Sector

Cybersecurity guide for SMEs - 12 steps to securing your business

The COVID-19 crisis showed how important the Internet and computers in general are for SMEs. In order to thrive in business during the pandemic many SMEs had to take business continuity measures, such as adopting to cloud services, improving…

Private Sector

Recommendations for the security of CAM

The aim of this report is to provide a high-level overview of the cybersecurity challenges in the CAM sector and to highlight both the concerned CAM actors and associated recommendations. Cybersecurity in the CAM ecosystem is partially standardised…
Private Sector

European Cybersecurity Month 2020 - Deployment Report

This report provides an overview of the activities organised and presents a synthesis of the findings based on evaluation and performance information gathered via two questionnaires, a social media monitoring report, and media and social monitoring…
Private Sector

Cybersecurity Challenges in the Uptake of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Driving

This report, drafted jointly by ENISA and JRC, aims to provide insights on the cybersecurity challenges specifically connected to the uptake of AI techniques in autonomous vehicles. It describes the policy context at both the European and…
Private Sector

Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity Challenges

This report presents the Agency's active mapping of the AI cybersecurity ecosystem and its Threat Landscape, realised with the support of the Ad-Hoc Working Group on Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity. The ENISA AI Threat Landscape not only lays…
Private Sector

Guidelines for Securing the Internet of Things

This ENISA study defines guidelines for securing the supply chain for IoT. ENISA with the input of IoT experts created security guidelines for the whole lifespan: from requirements and design, to end use delivery and maintenance, as well as…
Private Sector

European Cybersecurity Month 2019 - Deployment Report

This report provides an overview of the activities organised for the European Cybersecurity Month 2019 and presents a synthesis of findings based on evaluation and performance information gathered via two questionnaires and media monitoring data.…
Private Sector

Good Practices for Security of IoT - Secure Software Development Lifecycle

This ENISA study introduces good practices for IoT security, with a particular focus on software development guidelines for secure IoT products and services throughout their lifetime. Establishing secure development guidelines across the IoT…
Private Sector