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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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European Cybersecurity Month 2018 - Deployment Report

This report summarises the activities carried out by ENISA and the participating Member States for the European Cybersecurity Month 2018 and presents the evaluation and conclusions of the campaign. The ECSM campaign was successfully executed across…
Private Sector

European Cybersecurity Month 2017 - Deployment Report

For the fifth consecutive year, last October the European Cyber Security Month (ECSM) campaign was successfully executed across Europe. The campaign was coordinated and supported by ENISA, the European Commission, Europol’s Cyber Crime Centre (EC3…
Private Sector

Cyber Security Culture in organisations

To assist in promoting both the understanding and uptake of CSC programmes within organisations, this report draws from multiple disciplines, including organisational sciences, psychology, law and cybersecurity. It is complemented by knowledge and…
Private Sector

Online Tracking and User Protection Mechanisms

ENISA decided to provide a study on online tracking and relevant user protection mechanisms, paying particular attention to user consent, privacy settings and the implementation of the Do-Not-Track (DNT) standard.
CitizensPrivate Sector

European Cyber Security Month 2016 - Deployment report

For the fourth consecutive year, last October the European Cyber Security Month (ECSM) campaign took place across Europe. The campaign was supported by ENISA, the European Commission, Europol’s EC3 and the European Banking Federation, plus partners…
Private Sector

Cyber Hygiene

This report looks at the leading cyber hygiene programs across the European Union and drills down into a selection of Small – Medium Enterprises to establish their understanding and engagement with the national strategies. Based on the information…
Private Sector

Guidelines for SMEs on the security of personal data processing

ENISA undertook a study to support SME’s on how to adopt security measures for the protection of personal data, following a risk-based approach. In particular, the objectives of the study were to facilitate SMEs in understanding the context of the…
Private Sector

Information security and privacy standards for SMEs

The analysis conducted for this study, based on the interviews with subject matter experts and review of available studies, shows that, despite rising concerns on information security risks, the level of SMEs information security and privacy…
Private Sector