Publications

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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Securing Smart Airports

In response to the new emerging threats faced by smart airports, this report provides a guide for airport decision makers (CISOs, CIOs, IT Directors and Head of Operations) and airport information security professionals, but also relevant…

Cyber security and resilience for Smart Hospitals

This study proposes key recommendations for hospital information security executives and industry to enhance the level of information security in Smart Hospitals. Through the identification of assets and the related threats when IoT components are…

The cost of incidents affecting CIIs

The aim of the study is to assess the economic impact of incidents that affect CIIs in EU, based on existing work done by different parties, and set the proper ground for the future work of ENISA in this area.

Qualified Website Authentication Certificates

This report proposes six strategies and twelve recommended actions as an escalated approach that targets the most important aspects detected to be critical for (i) improving the website authentication market in Europe and (ii) successfully…