Publications

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ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Foresight Cybersecurity Threats For 2030 - Update 2024: Executive Summary

This is the executive summary of the second iteration of The “ENISA Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030” study that represents a comprehensive analysis and assessment of emerging cybersecurity threats projected for the year 2030. The report…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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ENISA Cybersecurity Market Analysis Framework (ECSMAF) -V2.0

This document is the cornerstone of ENISA activities in analysing the EU cybersecurity market. It presents the updated cybersecurity market analysis framework, a guidance, on how EU cybersecurity market analyses can be performed

ENISA Transport Threat Landscape

This report is the first analysis conducted by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) of the cyber threat landscape of the transport sector in the EU. The report aims to bring new insights into the reality of the transport sector by…

Cybersecurity of AI and Standardisation

The overall objective of the present document is to provide an overview of standards (existing, being drafted, under consideration and planned) related to the cybersecurity of artificial intelligence (AI), assess their coverage and identify gaps in…

A Governance Framework for National Cybersecurity Strategies

This study focuses on the good practices around the set-up and deployment of a governance framework to support the implementation of the NCSS in the EU. The main aim of this statistical outline is to give an overview of the key findings of the study…

Building Effective Governance Frameworks for the Implementation of National Cybersecurity Strategies

This study is focusing on the good practices around the set-up and deployment of a governance framework to support the implementation of the NCSS in the EU. The objective is to systematically review existing governance models relevant to the…

Demand Side of Cyber Insurance in the EU

The report analyses current perspectives and challenges of Operator of Essential Services (OESs) related to the acquirement of cyber insurance services. Information and statistics are presented according to the selection, acquisition and use of…

Interoperable EU Risk Management Toolbox

This document presents the EU RM toolbox, a solution proposed by ENISA to address interoperability concerns related to the use of information security RM methods. The toolbox aims to facilitate the smooth integration of various RM methods in an…

Developing National Vulnerabilities Programmes

Based on the experiences and perspectives gathered from industry players and national governments, as well as on the documentation developed by multiple actors involved with national vulnerability initiatives and programmes, the EU Coordinated…

Sustained Activity by Threat Actors- Joint Publication

ENISA, the EU Agency for Cybersecurity, and CERT-EU, the Computer Emergency Response Team of all the EU institutions, bodies and agencies (EUIBAs), have issued a joint publication to alert on sustained activity by particular threat actors. Malicious…

Interoperable EU Risk Management Framework

This report proposes a methodology for assessing the potential interoperability of risk management (RM) frameworks and methodologies and presents related results. The methodology used to evaluate interoperability stemmed from extensive research of…