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ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Foresight Cybersecurity Threats For 2030 - Update 2024: Executive Summary

This is the executive summary of the second iteration of The “ENISA Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030” study that represents a comprehensive analysis and assessment of emerging cybersecurity threats projected for the year 2030. The report…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Low Earth Orbit (LEO) SATCOM Cybersecurity Assessment

This report explores the cybersecurity of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations providing telecommunications services (LEO satcom). Examining various threats and risks-technical, financial, or commercial the landscape of potential attacks is vast. It…

Engineering Personal Data Protection in EU Data Spaces

Common European data spaces (EU data spaces) are a novel concept introduced in the European strategy for data and elaborated further within the Data Governance Act (DGA). This report attempts to contextualise the main design principles regarding…

ENISA Threat Landscape for DoS Attacks

Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks have been a constant security concern for organisations. However, in the last few years, DoS attacks have become easier, cheaper and more aggressive than ever before. The emergence of new armed conflicts around the…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2023

This is the eleventh edition of the ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL) report, an annual report on the status of the cybersecurity threat landscape. It identifies the top threats, major trends observed with respect to threats, threat actors and attack…

Foresight 2030 Threats

This booklet summarises upcoming challenges and provides for an assessment of the risks. We are now ready to design the cyber secure future ahead of us.

Undersea cables

This report aims to follow up with detailed technical guidelines for national authorities and to support them with the technical aspects of the supervision of undersea cables and their associated infrastructure, including landing stations and…

Health Threat Landscape

This is the first analysis conducted by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) of the cyber threat landscape of the health sector in the EU. The report aims to bring new insights into the reality of the health sector by mapping and…

Digital Identity Standards

This report gives an overview of the most important standards and standardisation organisations in this area. This information is useful for the novice, to find out what is available, but also for more experienced readers who might not be aware of…

Good Practices for Supply Chain Cybersecurity

The report provides an overview of the current supply chain cybersecurity practices followed by essential and important entities in the EU, based on the results of a 2022 ENISA study which focused on investments of cybersecurity budgets among…

Trust Services-Secure move to the cloud of the eIDAS ecosystem

This report includes a detailed analysis on the different technical requirements that must be addressed considering the relevant standards. It also gives an overview of practical experiences on the move of trust services to the cloud, based on the…