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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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European Cybersecurity Month 2022 Campaign Report

The campaign was coupled with the commemoration of the ECSM 10th anniversary in 2022 and focused on two of the most prominent threats: 1. Phishing: so that users may detect and react to the most common attack against individuals. 2. Ransomware: so…
Private Sector
enisa foresight cybersecurity threats for 2030

ENISA Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030

This study aims to identify and collect information on future cybersecurity threats that could affect the Union’s infrastructure and services, and its ability to keep European society and citizens digitally secure.
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector
enisa transport threat landscape.

ENISA Transport Threat Landscape

This report is the first analysis conducted by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) of the cyber threat landscape of the transport sector in the EU. The report aims to bring new insights into the reality of the transport sector by…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Cybersecurity of AI and Standardisation

The overall objective of the present document is to provide an overview of standards (existing, being drafted, under consideration and planned) related to the cybersecurity of artificial intelligence (AI), assess their coverage and identify gaps in…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector
fog and edge computing in 5g

Fog and Edge Computing in 5G

This report focuses on the fundamentals of fog and edge, an overview of their security aspects, the open challenges that these sectors face, the related standardisation efforts, the existing opportunities in this field, and different application…
Private Sector

Demand Side of Cyber Insurance in the EU

The report analyses current perspectives and challenges of Operator of Essential Services (OESs) related to the acquirement of cyber insurance services. Information and statistics are presented according to the selection, acquisition and use of…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Interoperable EU Risk Management Toolbox

This document presents the EU RM toolbox, a solution proposed by ENISA to address interoperability concerns related to the use of information security RM methods. The toolbox aims to facilitate the smooth integration of various RM methods in an…

National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Developing National Vulnerabilities Programmes

Based on the experiences and perspectives gathered from industry players and national governments, as well as on the documentation developed by multiple actors involved with national vulnerability initiatives and programmes, the EU Coordinated…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector

Engineering Personal Data Sharing

This report attempts to look closer at specific use cases relating to personal data sharing, primarily in the health sector, and discusses how specific technologies and considerations of implementation can support the meeting of specific data…
Private Sector

Interoperable EU Risk Management Framework

This report proposes a methodology for assessing the potential interoperability of risk management (RM) frameworks and methodologies and presents related results. The methodology used to evaluate interoperability stemmed from extensive research of…
National / EU authoritiesPrivate Sector