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This study makes 10 recommendations to the public and private sector involved in the definition and implementation of smart grids. These recommendations intend to provide useful and practical advice aimed at improving current initiatives, enhancing…

This study provides an overview of past incidents that impaired the Internet’s interconnection fabric, and discusses good practices to limit or avoid the impact of future crises events.

The threat from Flamer illustrates important weaknesses in our cyber defences

The paper includes a short analysis of the current status of cyber security strategies within the European Union and elsewhere. It also identifies common themes and differences, and concludes with a series of observations and recommendations. The…

In 2011 ENISA has set up an Expert Group composed of representatives of the EU institutions, Art.29 Working Party, national DPAs and industry. This group helped in the development of the specific technical recommendations for the implementation of…

A practical guide aimed at the procurement and governance of cloud services. This guide provides advice on questions to ask about the monitoring of security. The goal is to improve public sector customer understanding of the security of cloud…

Do some individuals value their privacy enough to pay a mark-up to an online service provider who protects their information better? How is this related to personalisation of services? This study analyses the monetisation of privacy. ‘Monetizing…

Given the clear contrast between the importance of the privacy by design principle on the one hand, and the reality of lax data protection practices with many online service providers on the other hand, the aim of this study is to present an…

ENISA's report on Network Information Security (NIS) in Education comes at a time when education and ITC are interrelated and interconnected more than ever. The challenge for the digitally active citizen is to stay informed of the news coming from…