Security Economics and the Internal Market
Network and information security are of significant and growing economic importance.
The direct cost to Europe of protective measures and electronic fraud is measured in
billions of euros; and growing public concerns about information security…
Promoting Data Protection by Design: Exploring Techniques
On the occasion of Data Protection Day, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) explores how to engineer data protection principles.
Crypto Assets: Introduction to Digital Currencies and Distributed Ledger Technologies
This report aims to increase the understanding
of blockchain technologies. It aims to explain the underlying technical concepts and how they relate to each other. The goal is to explain the components,
and illustrate their use by pointing to…
Cyber Incident Reporting in the EU
We summarize different security articles in EU legislation which mandate cyber incidents and cyber security measures. In a single diagram we give an overview of Article 13a and Article 4 of the Telecom package, Article 15 of the proposed eID/eSig…
ENISA Report - Request to ENISA 2019
The following document provides information of requests handled by the Agency pursuant to the ENISA Founding Regulation as contained in the EU Cybersecurity Act (Regulation (EU) 2019/881). The report does not apply to requests that are described…
Security for Privacy on Data Protection Day
On 28th January, ENISA joins 47 countries of the Council of Europe and the EU institutions, agencies and bodies, to celebrate the 11th annual European Data Protection Day.
Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity Challenges
This report presents the Agency's active mapping of the AI cybersecurity ecosystem and its Threat Landscape, realised with the support of the Ad-Hoc Working Group on Artificial Intelligence Cybersecurity. The ENISA AI Threat Landscape not only lays…
Adopt PETs on data protection day!
On 28th January 2016, ENISA joins the 47 countries of the Council of Europe and the EU institutions, agencies and bodies to celebrate the 10th annual European Data Protection Day.
Cloud Security Guide for SMEs
This guide wants to assist SMEs understand the security risks and opportunities they should take into account when procuring cloud services. This document includes a set of security risk, a set of security opportunities and a list of security…
Trust and Reputation Models
Reputation systems are a key success factor of many websites, enabling users and customers to have a better understanding of the information, products and services being provided. However, by using reputation systems, individuals place themselves at…