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2024 Report on the State of the Cybersecurity in the Union

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This document marks the first report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union, adopted by ENISA in cooperation with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission, in accordance with Article 18 of the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (…

ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Electronic evidence - a basic guide for First Responders

This report is a continuation of the work done by ENISA in the field of good practices for CSIRTs and LEAs in the fight against cybercrime. It aims at providing a guide for first responders, with a special emphasis in evidence gathering. It aims at…

Standardisation in the field of Electronic Identities and Trust Service Providers

This paper explains why standards are important for cyber security, specifically in the area of electronic identification and trust services providers. A number of challenges associated with the definition and deployment of standards in the area of…

National/governmental CERTs - ENISA's recommendations on baseline capabilities

Having a national / governmental CERTs in place that fulfils the requirements for ’baseline capabilities’ as defined in this document is essential for CIIP in all Member States. However these teams should not be considered as the one and only…

Security Framework for Governmental Clouds

ENISA after having analysed the present state of play of governmental Cloud deployment in 2013 report, presents a guide on the steps public administration has to take to deploy cloud computing. This report gives guidance on the process from pre-…

Methodologies for the identification of Critical Information Infrastructure assets and services

This study aims to tackle the problem of identification of Critical Information Infrastructures in communication networks. The goal is to provide an overview of the current state of play in Europe and depict possible improvements in order to be…

Certification of Cyber Security skills of ICS/SCADA professionals

This document explores how current initiatives on certification of professional skills are related to the topic of ICS/SCADA cyber security. It also identifies the challenges and proposes a series of recommendations towards the development of…

European Cyber Security Month - Deployment report

ECSM is an EU advocacy campaign that promotes cyber security among citizens and advocates for change in the perception of cyber-threats by promoting data and information security, education, sharing of good practices and competitions. The objective…
Threat Landscape for smart home and media convergence

Threat Landscape for Smart Home and Media Convergence

The study identifies threats to all asset classes, across the several alternative design pathways to smart homes. As it develops, the smart home will exhibit a high cyber security risk profile for the individual context, with additional systematic…
enisa threat landscape 2014

ENISA Threat Landscape 2014

In the ETL 2014, details of the developments made in 2014 are consolidated by means of top cyber threats and emerging threat trends in various technological and application areas. References to over 400 relevant sources on threats will help decision…

Actionable information for security incident response

This document is intended as a good practice guide for the exchange and processing of actionable information. The report is relevant to incident response in all types of organizations, the primary audience of this study isnational and governmental…