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ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Foresight Cybersecurity Threats For 2030 - Update 2024: Executive Summary

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This is the executive summary of the second iteration of The “ENISA Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030” study that represents a comprehensive analysis and assessment of emerging cybersecurity threats projected for the year 2030. The report…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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ENISA Smart Grid Security Recommendations

This study makes 10 recommendations to the public and private sector involved in the definition and implementation of smart grids. These recommendations intend to provide useful and practical advice aimed at improving current initiatives, enhancing…

Incentives and barriers of the cyber insurance market in Europe

ENISA conducted a study identifying possible causes inhibiting the cyber-insurance market in Europe and investigating incentives to kick –start its development. The Study analyses the structure and the characteristics of the market and includes a…

ENISA Report on Resilient Internet Interconnections

This study provides an overview of past incidents that impaired the Internet’s interconnection fabric, and discusses good practices to limit or avoid the impact of future crises events.
the threat from flamer

Flash note: The threat from flamer

The threat from Flamer illustrates important weaknesses in our cyber defences

National Cyber Security Strategies

The paper includes a short analysis of the current status of cyber security strategies within the European Union and elsewhere. It also identifies common themes and differences, and concludes with a series of observations and recommendations. The…

Recommendations for technical implementation of Art.4

In 2011 ENISA has set up an Expert Group composed of representatives of the EU institutions, Art.29 Working Party, national DPAs and industry. This group helped in the development of the specific technical recommendations for the implementation of…

Procure Secure: A guide to monitoring of security service levels in cloud contracts

A practical guide aimed at the procurement and governance of cloud services. This guide provides advice on questions to ask about the monitoring of security. The goal is to improve public sector customer understanding of the security of cloud…

Study on monetising privacy. An economic model for pricing personal information

Do some individuals value their privacy enough to pay a mark-up to an online service provider who protects their information better? How is this related to personalisation of services? This study analyses the monetisation of privacy. ‘Monetizing…

Study on data collection and storage in the EU

Given the clear contrast between the importance of the privacy by design principle on the one hand, and the reality of lax data protection practices with many online service providers on the other hand, the aim of this study is to present an…

NIS in Education

ENISA's report on Network Information Security (NIS) in Education comes at a time when education and ITC are interrelated and interconnected more than ever. The challenge for the digitally active citizen is to stay informed of the news coming from…