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ENISA Threat Landscape 2024

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Seven prime cybersecurity threats were identified in 2024, with threats against availability topping the chart and followed by ransomware and threats against data, and the report provides a relevant deep-dive on each one of them by analysing…

Foresight Cybersecurity Threats For 2030 - Update 2024: Executive Summary

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This is the executive summary of the second iteration of The “ENISA Foresight Cybersecurity Threats for 2030” study that represents a comprehensive analysis and assessment of emerging cybersecurity threats projected for the year 2030. The report…

Best Practices for Cyber Crisis Management

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This study highlights the complexities behind the notion of cyber crisis and the degree of subjectivity it involves. The elevation of a large-scale cyber incident into a cyber crisis relies predominantly on a political decision, and depends…

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Ontology and taxonomies of resilience

Existing standards in the field have so far only addressed resilience indirectly and thus without detailed definition of the taxonomy and thus of the semantics of security. The primary purpose of an ontology and taxonomies defined in this context is…

Secure Communication with the CERTs & Other Stakeholders

The main objective of the project “Secure Communications with the CERTs and other Stakeholders”, which is one of the ENISA activities related to reinforcing communications between CERTs in the Member States, is the preparation work for a report on…

Technologies with potential to improve the resilience of the Internet infrastructure

In 2011 ENISA performed the review of its studies on resilient technologies from 2008-2010, complementing the findings of the previous years and investigating the deployment status of technologies enhancing resilience. Initial review of supply chain…

CERT Operational Gaps and Overlaps

This document analyses the operational gaps and overlaps of national/governmental CERTs and provides some reccomendations. Recommendations made in this report represent the results of the analysis of input gathered from the relevant external…

The Use of Cryptographic Techniques in Europe

With the increased use of e-Government services, the amount of citizens’ sensitive data being transmitted over public networks (e.g. the Internet) and stored within applications that are accessible from anywhere on the Internet has grown…

Trust and Reputation Models

Reputation systems are a key success factor of many websites, enabling users and customers to have a better understanding of the information, products and services being provided. However, by using reputation systems, individuals place themselves at…

EISAS Basic toolset

This study describes how EU Member States can deploy the European Information Sharing and Alert System (EISAS) framework for its target group comprised of citizens and small & medium enterprises (SMEs). The report highlights the way to reach…

EISAS (enhanced) report on implementation

The 'EISAS (enhanced) report is an implementation plan for further development and deployment of EISAS concept. It's a 'how-to' method for implementing a fully functional EISAS framework until 2013 in the European Union Member States.
cyber security future challenges and opportunities

Cyber security: future challenges and opportunities

New technologies and business models for the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) have brought many benefits to the European Digital Society and the European citizens. At the same time, the increased use of ICTs has been…

To log or not to log? - Risks and benefits of emerging life-logging applications